Researchers at the University of Toledo (UToledo) have fabricated a two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) tin (Sn) perovskite solar cell with a certified power conversion efficiency of 16.19%, according to a report by pv magazine USA. The team claims the device is the most air-stable tin-perovskite of its kind to date.
The cell uses a 4-chlorophenethylammonium iodide (4ClPEAI) spacer cation to protect the perovskite surface and limit degradation caused by moisture and oxygen. The researchers added 5 mol% of the spacer salt to a 3D formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI₃) absorber layer, which improved film crystallinity and orientation.
Performance metrics for the 4ClPEAI devices include an average efficiency of 15.88% across 14 devices and a bandgap of approximately 1.44 eV. The team reports the cells retained 95% of their initial efficiency for more than 1,600 hours in dry air and 80% after 1,000 hours of continuous one-sun illumination at 55°C in air.
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